Snakebites are a neglected public health issue in many tropical and subtropical countries, particularly in Africa, Asia, and Latin America. The highest burden of snakebites occurs in countries with weak health systems and limited access to medical resources.

Snakebites can cause acute medical emergencies, including severe paralysis, bleeding disorders, kidney failure, and local tissue destruction. Children are more susceptible to severe effects due to their smaller body mass. Venomous snakebites can be fatal if left untreated, with an estimated 81,000 to 138,000 deaths annually.

The production of antivenoms is a complex process, requiring high-quality snake venoms. Many countries lack the capacity to produce antivenoms, and manufacturers often rely on commercial sources. The quality and efficacy of antivenoms can vary, and some products may be ineffective or even fake.

Health systems in many countries where snakebites are common often lack the infrastructure and resources to collect robust statistical data. Under-reporting of snakebite incidence and mortality is common, making it difficult to accurately determine the need for antivenoms.

The World Health Organization (WHO) has taken steps to raise awareness and address the crisis, including listing snakebite envenoming as a highest priority neglected tropical disease. WHO aims to reduce mortality and disability caused by snakebite envenoming by 50% by 2030 through community engagement, safe and effective treatment, strengthened health systems, and increased partnerships.

Snakebites are a significant public health issue, particularly in tropical and subtropical countries. The dangers of snakebites are exacerbated by the challenges of antivenom production, weak health systems, and lack of data. However, with concerted efforts from governments, health organizations, and communities, it is possible to reduce the burden of snakebites and improve access to safe and effective treatment.